1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
  
 ()
 :    : 50
:               
  
1.         
2.      : , , , 
3.       ?   .
4. Pt           ,
5.             
6.        , ,     
7.          
8.     : , , 
2
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
  
 ()
 :    : 50
:               
  
1.         
:     
                , 
   1500 BCE  500 BCE         
            

     , -          ,
           
1.      
  ,    '          

              
         ,   ' ,    
           
2.          
  , ,     -   :
1. :
        '        , 
        
2. :
               
                
 , 
   ()   ( )     
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Easy2Siksha
3.  :
       ,     
      
4. :
         
    
         
3.     
1.   :
   '   ,        
  -     ,       
  :
o  (  )
o  (
)
o  ( )
               -
  ()   
2.   ():
              
     
3.  ( ):
     , 
        
           ,   
   
 
4.    
                  
    :
1. :
                
     
2.  :
    -      
3.  ():
      ,        
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Easy2Siksha
4.  ():
           
     ,        ' 
 
5.    
               
   ,     :
 :         
:       
     
 
:             , 

             
         '  ,   
    
6.    
     
;           
              
   (  )   
 ,       
    
 ():
      ,     
   
             
7.    
     -    
  
    ()   ()          
   ,        .
8.   
1.    :
 ( )           
  ,       
2. :
    
        , 
5
Easy2Siksha
              
    

           
    , 
      '            
 ,    ,    '      
     ,        
 
2.      : , , , 
:     
                , 
   1500 BCE  500 BCE         
            

     , -          ,
           
1.      
  ,    '          

              
         ,   ' ,    
           
2.          
   , ,      -  :
1. :
        '        , 
        
2. :
               
                
 , 
   ()   ( )     
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3.  :
       ,     
      
4. :
         
    
         
3.     
1.   :    '   ,    
      -     ,   
      :
o  (  )
o  (
)
o  ( )
               -
  ()   
2.   ():
              
     
3.  ( ):
     , 
        
           ,   
   
 
4.    
                  
    :
1. :
                
     
2.  :
    -      
3.  ():
      ,        
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4.  ():
           
     ,        ' 
 
5.    
               
   ,     :
 :         
:       
     
 
:             , 

             
         '  ,   
    
6.    
     
;           
              
   (  )   
 ,       
    
 ():
      ,     
   
             
7.    
     -    
  
    ()   ()          
   ,        .
8.   
1.    :
 ( )           
  ,       
2. :
    
        , 
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              
    

           
    , 
      '            
 ,    ,    '      
     ,        
 
3.       ?   .
:     :   
                 
   " "   ( )        
  
          '   
        '      ,   
         
       :
  
                 
   
,           ,    
       :
1.              
    
            
2.        '    '     
:
o  :     .
o   :   
3. -    '   '      
      
   '   
9
Easy2Siksha
          :
1. 24-  
   ( 6    12  ):
o       ,       

 
o :,  ,  
o :          ,   
    
   (12    4 ):
o               
 
o :   
o :           ,   
  
   (4 PM  8 PM):
o          
  
     
o : ,  ,  
o :        ,    -
    
   (8 PM  12 AM):
o      ,   , ,  
    
o : ,    
o :    ,        -  
 
 /   (12 AM  6 AM):
o        ,       
    
o :,   
10
Easy2Siksha
o :          ,   

2.  
       ,         
  :
o


      , 
    
 
o


    ,   
   
:       ,       
  
    
      
;        
                  
  :
1.  :      '     
  ,            
2.   :   -  -    ,   
             ,  

 
3.  :  -    
  
,              
  ,           
   
1.   : 
o                
    ,     
2.  : 
o      ,         
     
3.  :  
o      ,  -      -

 
11
Easy2Siksha
    
           ,    
           ,  
  '             

 

           ,   ,    
    
       ,  
       ,         

               
  
4. Pt           ,
:     :   
                 
   " "   ( )        
  
          '   
        '      ,   
         
       :
  
                 
   
,           ,    
       :
1.              
    
            
2.        '    '     
:
o  :     .
12
Easy2Siksha
o   :   
3. -    '   '      
      
   '   
          :
1. 24-  
   ( 6    12  ):
o       ,       

 
o : ,  ,  
o :          ,   
    
   (12    4 ):
o               
 
o :   
o :           ,   
  
   (4 PM  8 PM):
o          
  
     
o :,  ,  
o :        ,    -
    
   (8 PM  12 AM):
o      ,   , ,  
    
o :,    
o :     ,        -  
 
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Easy2Siksha
 /   (12 AM  6 AM):
o        ,       
    
o : , ,  
o :          ,   

2.  
       ,          
 :
o


      , 
    
 
o


    ,   
   
:      ,       
  
    
      
;        
                  
  :
1.  :      '     
  ,            
2.   :   -  -    ,   
             ,  

 
3.  :  -    
  
,              
  ,           
   
1.   : 
o                
    ,     
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Easy2Siksha
2.  : 
o      ,         
     
3.  :  
o      ,  -      -

 
    
           ,    
           ,  
  '             

 

           ,   ,    
    
       ,  
       ,         

               
  
5.             
..:   :  
              
                 
   '     -       
    ()
  , -     
      
,                
 
        ,        
  
1.  (  ): 
o              
15
Easy2Siksha
2.  (     ' ):
o  ( ):  ( )
o  ( ):  ( )
3.  ():
SR m P S'
o          ,     
  
4.  ( ):
S'n DP mg RS
o       ,   .
5.  (   ): ()
o   '            
6.  (    ): ()
o     ,     
 
7.   : ,   (9 AM-12 PM)
o          , 
      
 
8.  ():
o  ( ):, , 
o  ():, , 
o  (): 
9.  ( ):
SR m P n DP mg RS
o             
  
10.  ():  ,           

     
16
Easy2Siksha
1.  ():
o       ,      
    
   :
S → R → m → P → S'
2.  ( ):
o               
:
S' → n → D → P → m → g → R → S
3.  ( ):
o            
             
4.  ():
o       '       
( )        ,      '
   
    
   
:  (16 )
 ( ):
SR m P, SR m P | n DP, n DP
mg RS |  .
 ( ):
S'n DP |  .
n DP, mg RS |  .
   
:
o               
          '    -
    
17
Easy2Siksha
:
o    (S')        '  
 
    ,     
 
  
1.  :
o              -
   ,    
    
    
  
 
2.  :
o            
   
   ,       
 
3. -   :
o         - 
  
 
      
1.           
2.         -  
3.    '   , 
      
4.      
     ,     

                 
            

      ,     ,    
   ,             
6.        , ,     
:  :   
-
 ,      ,          
18
Easy2Siksha
'                  
           ""   ""  ,
      
 ,   ""       
     ,        
  ,      
 
   
   12  ()           , 
              
 
              
  :
1.  ():12
2.  ():6
3.   :2
4.  (  ):
o     () :   |   |   |   |  
|  
           
   
             
              
 :
1.  ( ):       
2.  ( ):      ,     
  
  ' ' '  7
 ' 
          :
 1, 5  11 '  
 7 ' .
   , ,   
       ,        ,  -
            ,   
 :
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Easy2Siksha
1.  ( )
:  ,             
   ,          
  
:12             
:
     :
Dhin - Dhin |  -  |  -  |  -  | Dhin - Dhin |  -   "" 
""      ,         

2.  ( )
: ,     ,       
           
:
      ,    
 
:
   :
              12-  
      
 
3.  ( )
:  ,           
      , 
        
:
      ,       


:
  :
DhinDhinDhin DhageTeteTete TeteDhageTete TeteDhageTete DhinDhinDhin
DhageTeteTete            
4.  (  )
:              
      ,        
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Easy2Siksha
:
     ,       
 
:
  :





    .
     
 ,     
    
    
             -   
  ,    :
1.  :
o             
  
o         
2.  :
o ,             
 
3. :
o       ,      
      
   
       12        12  
  
 ,   12          
()  '     ,       

         ,      
           (, , , )
           
 ,  
              
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7.          
:      
 ,       ,      
           (  , )
 1459  ,                
            ,      ( 
 ,    )         , 

       ,       ,
           ,  , 
             
   
            ,    
            ,    
            
    
   ,            
  ,        ,     
     
       
                   
        ,         ' 
, ,            ,
     ( )   ,       
               
      
   
        '  ,     
                 
   ,       

  -:      ,    
               
  
   :         
              
           '    

      
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    
:          , 
          
  
           

  
                 
   
              
  - 
         
     ,        
 
   :         ,
               
            
  
    :      
     ,         
-         
 
                , 
        ,    ,     ,
            
:     ,      , 
             
       
  ' :          
            
   
     
           :
1.   :             
        
2.   :       , 
          
 
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Easy2Siksha
3.   :          
     
   
       , 
      ,
           ,    
  
         -
    ,              

             ,   
    
          
          

                
   ,               
         ,   
               

,    ,         ,  
             
8.     : , , 
:  ()   ,     
,   , ,       
       ,      
    , 
, ,     ,  
   

         :  ()   (  ) 
,         
 
  :
            - 12
         
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             ,
         ()   
 
:
1. :
o        
o       ()   () '    ,
        
2. :
o   , ,        
 
o   ,       ()  
()   
 
3.   :
o          , 
      
 
o            
  
:
            :
"  ,"         
 
:
   ,        -  
 ,           


    
    
 ,      
          ,      -
     
  :
     ,         
      
      
    
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:
1. :
o           , 
      
o               

2.  :
o    --    
 ,    

 ,    
 
o        ,   
   
3. :
o   , , ,   ()   
      
4.   :
o           
        
 
:
  ,  ,      ,       
            (   )   
:
          ,   
              


    ""  "" ,       ,  
    
            
            
  :
1.  :
o    '            
      
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Easy2Siksha
o        '    ,   
  
 
2.  :
o    ,        ,  
          
 
o        
:
   (    ),  ,  , 
       
:
     ,          
     :
"   
 ,"             
    
 :
       ()       
 ,          
          
:
           ,       
    
   
1. :,       
   
2.   : ,        
 '   
3.  :          
 
 ,        

, ,       ,     
   
           

27
Easy2Siksha
-   (),  (),   ()    
  ,             
,  
              
  
:      Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         